What The Nuzi Tablets from 1450-1350 BC Teach Us About the Bible

Digging in to Biblical Archaeology…

One of my favorite things to read about is archaeological finds that have something to do with the Bible–anything to do with the Bible! These historical artifacts are not the reason that I believe, but they do substantiate and reinforce and inform my beliefs. They spur me on in my awe and wonder of this book we call The Holy Bible.

For me, the biggest reason for my faith is that God has been there for me. He always has. He has provided for my needs, and you can’t doubt someone who has answered your prayers time and time again. It makes anyone’s denial of a supernatural God laughable to me. I’ve seen God’s work too much to be faithless.

The Bible itself is the greatest testament to a living, breathing, loving God because the writings of the Bible are ancient, well-preserved, and there are 100s of these ancient texts, all in agreement with one another. It’s incredible in and of itself, and you can read more about that in this article that I wrote last year about why the Bible is reliable.

There are 100s of archaeological finds that are in agreement with the Bible, but today let’s focus on one: the Nuzi Tablets.

The Nuzi Tablets

These tablets were discovered in modern-day northern Iraq, or as you know it in ancient history, Mesopotamia. Nuzi was an administrative center. The tablets contain family archives from families in Nuzi in the years 1450-1350 BC. The information on the tablets spans 6 generations and describe social and economic customs as well as religious and legal institutions for people called the Hurrians. The Hurrians were also known as the Horites, Hivites, and Jebusites.

Family records were clearly highly valued by these people, a rare thing for that time period, outside of the Hebrew people. There are tons of similiarities between the way these ancient people did things and the way that the patriarchs of Israel did them.

Why would the people of Israel have anything in common with the people in Nuzi?

Well, Abraham was from Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq), and Nuzi was in Mesopotamia as well. This was not that far away from where Abraham grew up. Naturally, the customs of the people of Nuzi would be highly similar to the customs of Abraham’s family.

The Nuzis even had the word “Habiru,” referring to a group of landless people who wandered. Scholars suggest that this could be the origin of the word “Hebrew.”

Here’s the basic quick facts about the Nuzi Tablets. I made a little infograph:

The tablets offer a surprising explanation of the term “sister.”

A woman could be adopted by a man as his sister, giving her more rights than if she were only his wife. That sounds so WEIRD today. But it gets even weirder. A man could adopt his wife as his sister, and he’d be giving her that status so that she would have more rights.

Remember, this is over 3,000 years ago. Also, in Genesis, Abraham and Isaac both asked their wives to tell different kings that they were afraid of that they were their “sister.” To the kings in the area of Egypt, that meant what it means to us. But to people further into the East, where Abraham was born and raised, perhaps it meant something else entirely, as the tablets of Nuzi describe.

The tablets also describe the process of surrogate mothers, which is what Abraham’s wife Sarah did with her maid servant Hagar in Genesis 16.

Household idols are also discussed on these tablets, which explains the story of Rachel stealing her father’s household god and Laban being so upset about it. See, according to the tablets of Nuzi, if a father-in-law gave his son-in-law his household god, that meant that he was appointing him as his heir. Laban certainly did not intend to appoint Jacob as his heir, so Rachel was potentially doing more than grabbing a souvenir from her father’s house. She could have actually been trying to make herself and Jacob the principal heirs of her father’s estate, rather than her actual brothers, Laban’s own sons. Obviously, Laban was having no part of this.

The Nuzi tablets give us a whole other picture and context by which to understand the Old Testament. These stories took place over 3,000 years ago, and are therefore often very hard to comprehend.

I don’t know about you, but this is a topic I’d love to learn more about. If you’re interested, I’ve listed my sources below, so you can read up. This makes me want to go back to the Bible Museum to check for displays of the Nuzi tablets.

Sources:

Rose Book of Bible Charts, Maps, & Timelines  100 Proofs of the Bible Chart

Nuzi by Mark Chavalas on oxfordbibliographies.com

Great Discoveries in Biblical Archaeology: The Nuzi Tablets by Bryant G. Wood, PhD. Feb., 2006, on biblearchaeology.org

Clay Tablet and Envelope, image description, by Jennie Myers at teachingmiddleeast.lib.uchicago.edu

Nuzi at jewishvirtuallibrary.org

Nuzi at biblicaltraining.org

The Holy Bible, book of Genesis

***Ad disclaimer: When you purchase through my ads I sometimes collect advertising fees, when I’m lucky. All opinions are my own.**

If you enjoy reading about antiquities and the Middle East, you will love my book. It was released in March, 2020, Tour Israel in Pictures and Stories.  It’s now for sale on Amazon. Click here to check it out.